TENSES

 

Pengertian 

Tenses adalah perubahan KATA KERJA (VERB) yang dipengaruhi oleh WAKTU dan KEJADIAN 

Waktu  (Time):

1. Sekarang (Present) (V1 dan es/s) contoh : eat, eats/wash, washes
2. Kemarin (Past) (V2) contoh : ate/washed
3. Akan datang (Future) (Will/Shall + V1) : contoh : Will eat/Shall wash

Kejadian (Event) :

1. Simple (Sederhana) : -
2. Continuous (Sedang Berlangsung) (To be: + V-Ing : present participle) consist of to be in present (Is, Am, Are) dan to be in past (Was, Were) contoh : are eating dan was eating/is washing dan were washing.
3. Perfect (Sempurna/selesai) (Have/Has + V3 (past participle) contoh : Have eaten/has washed

Simple Present : Kalimat Sederhana yang SEKARANG TERJADI.

Tips pembentukan Rumus :

(+) : Subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) DITAMBAHKAN V1 dan subject Pronoun (She, He, It) DITAMBAHKAN V-(es,s).

(-)  : Menambahkan (Do + Not) SETELAH subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN V1 dan (Does + Not) SETELAH subject Pronoun (She, He, It) KEMUDIAN V1.

(?) : Menambahkan (Do) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN V1 ditambahkan tanda "?" dan (Does) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (She, He, It) KEMUDIAN V1 ditambahkan tanda "?"

(-?) : Menambahkan (Do) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) ditambah "Not" KEMUDIAN V1ditambahkan tanda ?  dan (Does + Not) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (She, He, It) ditambahkan Not KEMUDIAN V1 ditambahkan tanda "?"

Present Continuous : Kalimat Sederhana yang SEKARANG TERJADI DAN SEDANG DILAKUKAN.

(+) : Subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) DITAMBAHKAN (Am, Are)-V_Ing dan subject Pronoun (She, He, It) DITAMBAHKAN (Is)-V_Ing.

(-)  : Menambahkan (Am, Are + Not) SETELAH subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN V_Ing dan (Is+ Not) SETELAH subject Pronoun (She, He, It) KEMUDIAN V_Ing.

(?) : Menambahkan (Am, Are) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN V-Ing ditambahkan tanda "?" dan (Is) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (She, He, It) KEMUDIAN V_Ing ditambahkan tanda ?.

(-?) : Menambahkan (Am, Are) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) ditambah Not KEMUDIAN "V-Ing "ditambahkan tanda "?"  dan (Is) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (She, He, It) ditambahkan Not KEMUDIAN "V_Ing" ditambahkan tanda "?"

Present Perfect : Kalimat Sempurna yang ditandai dengan time dution like since, for many days, during, already, etc. let's see your book.

(+) : Subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) DITAMBAHKAN (have, has) ditambahkan V3 (Past Particle- Irregular misalnya : driven, written, sought, etc or Reguler Verb-ed/d misalnya : watched, used, enjoyed, etc). 

(-)  : Menambahkan (Have, Has + Not) SETELAH subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN Vditambahkan V3 (Past Particle- Irregular misalnya : driven, written, sought, etc or Reguler Verb-ed/d misalnya : watched, used, enjoyed, etc).

(?) : Menambahkan (Have, Has) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) KEMUDIAN ditambahkan V3 (Past Particle- Irregular misalnya : driven, written, sought, etc or Reguler Verb-ed/d misalnya : watched, used, enjoyed, etc) ditambahkan tanda ?.

(-?) : Menambahkan (Have, Has) SEBELUM subject Pronoun (I, You, They, We) ditambah Not KEMUDIAN ditambahkan V3 (Past Particle- Irregular misalnya : driven, written, sought, etc or Reguler Verb-ed/d misalnya : watched, used, enjoyed, etc).  ditambahkan tanda "?"

Catatan Belajar Tenses lewat Zoom Class :

Present Continuous : IS, AM, ARE ketemu V1+ing

Past Continuous : Was (He, She, it, I), Were (They, We, You  ketemu V1+ing

(+) She was praying on Friday noon.

(-) : Not  (Was/Were + not+ Ving) /Wasn’t, weren’t  :

She was not/wasn’t prating on Friday noon. bukan Was’nt, Werent

 (?): Tobe (Was/Were Subject Ving ……?

Was she praying on Friday noon?

(-?) : Was/Were Subject not V ing…. ?

Wasn’t Subject V ing…?

Was not Subject V ing…?

Was she not praying on Friday noon?

Wasn’t she praying on Friday noon?

 

Simple Future : kejadian yang akan datang (sebuah pekerjaan atau rencana yang akan dilakukan (dimulai dengan 1 detik kemudian)

Pattern : Will/shall + V1 (es/s/ve2/v3/v1+ing)

Note : will digunakan pada semua subject (I, you, they, we, she, he, it), atau nama orang= Afifah/she), kemudian shall : I dan we.

(+) :  I shall hang out for tonight

(-) : will/shall not V1 = She will not bring my book. / She won’t bring my book. Singkatan ada dihlm buku. 124.

(?) : will/shall + S + V1 ...? = will she book (memesan) my heart?

(-?) : Will/shall + S + not + V1 …? = Will she not book my heart? / won’t she book my heart? Will not She

 

Shall we go tonight?

Simpulkan semua tenses :

Simple present : (V1/es/s), (-) dan (?) = menambahkan do : I, you, They, we/does : she, he, it.

Present continuous : (Tobe present : is, am, are + V1+ing)

Present perfect : Have (I, you, They, we)/has (she, he, it) + V3) (-) : have not (haven’t), has not (Hasn’t)

Simple past : (V2 (lihat halaman 140 Irreguler verb/ed/d), (-)/(?) = menambahkan did untuk all subjects

Past Continuous : (Tobe past : Was : she, he, it, I/Were : you, They, we + V1+ing)

Simple Future : Will (all subjects) /Shall (I dan we)  + V1, (-) : won’t (will not) dan shan’t (shall not) ( in our book on page. 124)